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Using fertilizers in a vegetable garden helps to increase your yield and have strong, healthy plants that have better resistance to pests and diseases.
Fertilizers can be organic and inorganic, however using feeds is not a one-size-fits-all tactic. It is important to know what you are targeting when you choose the best fertilizer for a vegetable garden. Know what nutrients each crop wants and which fertilizers will provide that.
Feeding your crops is going to be key to any successful vegetable garden ideas. Whether you use compost, manure, homemade fertilizers, or store-bought feeds, they all offer advantages to certain crops. We look at 10 of the best fertilizers for a vegetable garden to see what nutrients they offer and what crops they are best for.
Using fertilizer in the vegetable garden will boost harvests
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How to choose the best fertilizer for a vegetable garden
All fertilizers contain the three important nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and these are all evident as plant fertilizer numbers. Their make-up in the feed is outlined by three numbers, for example 10-10-10. Each nutrient is important for differing reasons, such as nitrogen promotes leaf growth while potassium is great for flowering and fruiting.
Choosing the best fertilizer means knowing the nutrients required for a great crop. Feed plays a big role in getting the best harvests and not fertilizing crops is a common vegetable growing mistake to avoid. It is always recommended to get your soil checked, to understand your soil type, soil pH, and nutrient make-up, as this can show any nutrient deficiencies that feeds can help target.
Great soil health is a combination of structure, water retention and availability of nutrients. It is a continual process to develop and maintain your soil for the benefit of crops, and using fertilizer is an important part of that.
Choosing the best fertilizer for a vegetable garden is essential for you to get the most from your crops. Your main choices are between organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Organic feeds come from natural plant sources, or from animal origins, and include the likes of compost, manure, and plant-based fertilizers. These are often slow-release feeds that provide nutrients to the plants over a long period of time and many can be made at home.
Inorganic feeds are more synthetic forms and include the likes of tomato feed and also granular fertilizers that are sprinkled around the plants. They are more concentrated forms of fertilizers that give a quicker hit of nutrients to plants than organic feeds, but do need to be regularly applied over the course of the growing season.
Understanding the nutrient requirements helps shape fertilizing choices
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1. Compost
Being able to use homemade compost is the dream of all vegetable gardeners, though compost can be easily bought in to use on the vegetable garden. Good quality compost is made by the decomposition of a wide range of garden materials, including leaves, plant debris, vegetable scraps, organic kitchen waste, or grass clippings from mowing a lawn.
Compost has all the vital nutrients required for strong vegetable growth and releases it to the plants over a long period of time. The material also helps with soil structure and water retention. Compost can be dug into the soil or put on the surface as a mulch. It is also commonly spread on the surface of a vegetable garden as part of no dig gardening techniques.
Compost offers vital nutrients to plants over a long period
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2. Manure
Manure has been used in the vegetable garden for many years, commonly dug in during the fall and winter months as a way of preparing garden soil for spring. Animal waste tends to always be mixed with soil in the garden and must be well-rotted, as fresh manure has the potential to harm plants.
Manure from various animals can be used, but the most common are chicken manure, which is high in nitrogen, and cow or horse manure, both of which are lower in nitrogen and more all-round in values of NPK. Animal manure is a good method if you want to add phosphorus to soil.
Manure should be well-rotted when added to the vegetable garden
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3. Blood meal
Blood meal is a product made from dried animal blood and comes in a powdered form. The main benefit of blood meal is that it is high in nitrogen. That makes it a useful feed for leafy greens and it can be used to replenish vegetable beds that have been drained of nitrogen over a period of cropping.
Any vegetables that show signs of nitrogen deficiency, including yellowing leaves, could benefit from the addition of blood meal. The use of blood meal can also help to make soil more acidic, with vegetables such as carrots, cauliflower, squash, and pumpkins doing well in mildly acidic soil. You can buy blood meal from Burpee (opens in new tab).
Leafy greens like chard want a high nitrogen feed such as blood meal
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4. Bone meal
Bone meal is a by-product from the animal processing industry and the animal bones are washed and ground into a powdered form. Bone meal is low in nitrogen and potassium but very high in phosphorus.
As phosphorus is a valuable nutrient for root development, that makes bone meal a great feed when growing carrots or growing parsnips.
Other great uses for bone meal in the vegetable garden come when growing alliums, as it helps boost growth when growing garlic and is also a top choice when fertilizing onions. You can buy bone meal from Burpee (opens in new tab) or try this Organic Healthy Grow variety from Walmart (opens in new tab).
Bone meal can be used to feed alliums, such as garlic
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5. Comfrey feed
If you want to make plant fertilizer, comfrey is one of the best homemade fertilizers for the vegetable garden as it contains high levels of NPK nutrients as well as other valuable trace elements.
To make comfrey fertilizer, simply cut down comfrey and add it to a bucket of water to brew for a few weeks. The resulting tea is diluted with water and then applied to the plants. In the vegetable garden, if you are growing tomatoes, growing cucumbers, or growing peppers, then these fruiting vegetables will all benefit from the addition of comfrey feed.
Comfrey is commonly turned into a tea to feed plants
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6. Tomato feed
A feed that is higher in phosphorus and potassium is essential for fertilizing tomatoes as they grow, however they can offer benefits to other vegetables too. A dedicated tomato feed, such as the Neptune’s Harvest available at Walmart (opens in new tab), helps plants to both produce flowers and ripen fruit.
As well as boosting tomatoes, such a feed can also be used when growing eggplant, beans, peppers, chillies, and squash. Tomato feed can even be used to fertilize potatoes. Use tomato feed to boost fruiting vegetables, however do not use it when growing lettuces or other leafy vegetables as it does not offer the high levels of nitrogen that such crops require.
A liquid tomato feed is full of concentrated nutrients and needs to be mixed with water
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7. Sulphate of potash
Sulphate of potash is a feed that is very high in potassium and can promote the ripening of vegetables and fruit. It is applied in spring and summer to the vegetable garden and can be beneficial when growing potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, parsnips, peas and beans.
A high-potassium feed such as sulphate of potash is also recommended for fertilizing garlic during the growing season. This Hi-Yield Potash variety from Walmart (opens in new tab) would be suitable.
Potash is beneficial when growing potatoes
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8. Sulphate of ammonia
Sulphate of ammonia is very high in nitrogen and therefore a great feed for vegetable plants that want to put on leafy growth. It is very beneficial for brassicas, as well as growing spinach, lettuce, onions, or leeks.
Sulphate of ammonia should be worked into the top surface of the soil and watered in. It is important to not get any of the feed on the leaves or stems as it could burn the plant due to its high level of nitrogen. This Ammonium Sulphate granular fertilizer from Walmart (opens in new tab) has an NPK number of 21-0-0.
Spinach is among the leafy crops that want high nitrogen provided by sulphate of ammonia
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9. All-purpose plant food
There is a range of inorganic all-purpose plant food available in stores and online. They come in either granular or liquid soluble form and tend to contain all three of the essential plant nutrients. These products all offer vital nutrients to plants and will help them grow.
One example is the Expert Gardener All-Purpose Water Soluble Plant Food available from Walmart (opens in new tab). This feed comes in liquid form and is mixed with water to be added to vegetables. It has an NPK of 24-8-16 and offers all the vital nutrients vegetables need to grow strong and healthy. The high nitrogen and potassium content makes it a great option for many vegetables and fruit, particularly the likes of tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, squash, and pumpkins.
A granular example of an all-purpose feed that is ideal for the vegetable garden is the Miracle Gro Shake ‘N Feed Tomato, Fruit & Vegetable Plant Food available at Amazon (opens in new tab), which is scattered on the surface and mixed into the soil. This fertilizer has an NPK of 10-5-15, so it offers a lot of nitrogen and potassium to crops and is also ideally suited for use on any fruiting vegetables.
Liquid feeds are applied often to plants as they release their nutrients quickly
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FAQs
When is the best time to fertilize a vegetable garden?
When you are starting a vegetable garden and making your plans for each year, it is important to remember that the best time to fertilize is in the winter or spring before each growing season commences.
Traditionally, growers would add manure or compost to their beds at the end of one season, ready for the next. This can be done as soon as late fall or early winter. When it comes to using fresh manure, for example, adding it in the winter allows the material to break down over the months and be in the best condition ready for when you plant vegetables.
Feeding the soil in spring means that the essential nutrients are available to young crops when you plant vegetables in spring and early summer. Though spring is the best time for major rejuvenation of the soil, many fertilizers can also be added when the vegetables are planted and throughout the season as and when required. That applies to lots of the inorganic and liquid feeds, such as tomato fertilizers, that are mixed with water and applied when watering plants throughout the growing season.
There is a large variety of fertilizers that are suitable for any vegetable garden or kitchen garden. However, there is no need to feel daunted by the range. A simple bit of research can reveal the nutrients required by each crop you are growing. When armed with that knowledge, it makes it easier to pick the best fertilizer. Many of the feeds listed above can be beneficial for multiple crops, so it means you need not end up with a garden shed or store room full of lots of different fertilizers.